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CONDYLAR FRACTURE AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Classification of condylar fractures Unilateral or bilateral condylar fractures Rowe and killey’s classification Simple fracture of condyle Compound fracture of condyle Comminuted fracture associated with zygomatic arch fracture 3. Rowe and killey’s classification (1968) Intracapsular fractures/ high condylar fractures: fracture involving articular surface Extra-capsular or low condylar or subcondylar fractures Fractures associated with injury toContinue reading “CONDYLAR FRACTURE AND ITS MANAGEMENT”

BLOW OUT FRACTURE (Fracture of floor of Orbit)

Orbital floor fractures are common and result from blunt orbital trauma in which force is delivered to the thin bones of the orbital floor, typically along the infraorbital canal. Pathophysiology Blow out fracture occurs when a blunt objects greater in diameter than the orbital rim such as fist, tennis or cricket ball strikes the orbitalContinue reading “BLOW OUT FRACTURE (Fracture of floor of Orbit)”

LUDWIG’S ANGINA

Introduction AKA Angina Maligna/ Morbustrangulatoris Defined as over whelming, massive, firm, brawny, rapidly spreading cellulitis involving bilateral submandibular, sublingual and submental space. Etiology Post extraction complications Submandibular gland sialadenitis Infection of mandibular molars Oral soft tissue lacerations Osteomyelitis Microbiology Infection starts as a mixed aerobic-anaerobic infection as at this stage there may not be anyContinue reading “LUDWIG’S ANGINA”

SIALOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION Sialography is a radiographic technique in which there is retrograde injection of contrast agent (usually iodine based) into the ductal system of a salivary gland before imaging with plain films/ digital image receptors, fluoroscopy, panoramic radiography, CBCT imaging or MDCT imaging. Sialography is a radiographic demonstration of salivary gland by introduction of contrast agentContinue reading “SIALOGRAPHY”

GAMMA CAMERA

INTRODUCTION AKA Anger camera or Scintillation Camera. Most common means of forming an image. These cameras capture photons and convert them to light and then to a voltage signal. This signal is reconstructed to a planar image that shows the distribution of radionuclide in the patient. Gamma camera have a spatial resolution of 3 toContinue reading “GAMMA CAMERA”

Eagle’s Syndrome (Styloid Syndrome)

INTRODUCTION Eagle’s Syndrome is characterized by a specific orofacial secondary to calcification of the stylohyoid ligament or elongated styloid process. AKA Styloid syndrome/ Styloid chain ossification. Ossification of the styloid ligament usually extends downwards from the base of skull and commonly occurs bilaterally. Ossification begins at the lesser horn of the hyoid or in theContinue reading “Eagle’s Syndrome (Styloid Syndrome)”

SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Introduction SPECT is a nuclear medicine tomography imaging technique using gamma rays. Emission of single photon from decay process. Dynamic imaging modality where a series of images are obtained. Image obtained in 3 planes. Obtained by different angles. Reconstruct the layer. Principle Radio isotope is delivered to the patient -> Attaches to specific ligand inContinue reading “SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY”

POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY(PET)

Introduction A nuclear medicine imaging technique which provides high resolution tomographic images of bio- distribution of a radiopharmaceutical/ radio tracers in the body. A PET scan measures important body functions – blood flow, oxygen use, sugar(glucose) metabolism, to help the doctor how well organ and tissue are functioning. Mechanism A radioactive isotopes that decays byContinue reading “POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY(PET)”